Articles of the Indian Constitution Part 4

Part 4 Article 36 to 51

DIRECTIVE PRINCIPLES OF STATE POLICY (D.P.S.P)36-51

Article 36-. Definition

Article 37-Application of the principles contained in this Part.

Article 38-. State to secure a social order for the promotion of the welfare of the people social, economical, political justice

Article 39-. Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State.

Article 39A-Equal justice and free legal aid.

Article 39 B Equal pay for equal work

Article 39 E right against economic exploitation.

Article 40-Organisation of village panchayats as a unit of self-government.

Article 41-. Right to work within economic capacity, to education, and to public assistance in certain cases.

Article 42-. Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief

Article 43-Living wage, etc., for workers.

Article 43A-Participation of workers in the management of industries.

Article 43B-Promotion of co-operative societies.

Article 44-To secure a Uniform civil code for the citizens.

Article 45-Provision to secure free and compulsory early childhood care and education to children below the age of six years

Article 46-Promotion with special care of educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and other weaker sections.

Article 47- Prohibit the consumption of intoxicating drugs and liquor, Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living, and to improve public health

Article 48-Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry

Article 48A-. Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wildlife.

Article 49-. Protection and maintenance of monuments and places and objects of national importance.

Article 50-Separation of the judiciary from the executive

Article 51-Promotion of international peace and security, maintain honorable relations between nations.

PART IVA

FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES 51A

Article 51A- Fundamental duties.

In Detail 

Article 36-. Definition

“the State” has the same meaning as in Part III which covers Fundamental Rights.

Defenition which is given on Article 12 shall apply in this part too which includes

The Government of India

The Parliamnet OF India

The Lgislature of each of the States

The Government of each State

Article 37-Application of the principles contained in this Part.

The provisions hold in this Part shall not be enforceable by any court, but the principles in that matter laid down are nevertheless fundamental in the governance of the country and it shall be the duty of the State to apply these principles in making laws.

Article 38-. State to secure a social order for the promotion of the welfare of the people social, economical, political justice

1 [(1)] The State shall seek to promote the welfare of the people by securing and protecting as effectively as it may a social order in which justice, social, economic and political, shall inform all the institutions of the national life. 

2 [(2) The State shall, in particular, aim to minimise the inequalities in income, and endeavour to eliminate inequalities in status, facilities and opportunities, not only amongst individuals but also amongst groups of people residing in different areas or engaged in different vocations.]

Article 39-. Certain principles of policy to be followed by the State.

The State shall, in particular, direct its policy towards securing— 

(a) All citizens, men and women equally, have the right to an adequate means of livelihood; 

(b) that the ownership and control of the material resources of the community are so distributed as best to attend the common good; 

(c) that the functioning of the economic system does not result in the concentration of wealth and means of production to the common detriment; 

(d) No gender discrimination ,that there is equal pay for equal work for both men and women; 

(e) that the health and strength of workers, men and women, and the tender age of children should not be abused and that citizens are not forced by economic necessity to enter avocations unsuited to their age or strength;

1 [(f) Children should given sufficient opportunities and facilities to develop in a healthy manner and in conditions of freedom and dignity and that childhood and youth are protected against exploitation and against moral and material abandonment.]

Article 39A-Equal justice and free legal aid.

The State shall assured that the operation of the legal system promotes justice, on a basis of equal opportunity, and shall, in particular, provide free legal aid, by suitable legislation or schemes or in any other way, to ensure that opportunities for securing justice are not denied to any citizen by reason of economic or other disabilities.]

Article 39 B Equal pay for equal work

Article 39 E Right against economic exploitation.

Article 40-Organisation of village panchayats as a unit of self-government.

The State should take steps to organise village panchayats and provide them with such powers and authority as may be necessary to enable them to function as units of self-government.

Article 41-. Right to work within economic capacity, to education, and to public assistance in certain cases.

The State should make effective provision, within the limits of its economic capacity and development, for the right to work, to education and to public assistance in cases of unemployment, old age, sickness and disablement, and in other cases of undeserved want.

Article 42-. Provision for just and humane conditions of work and maternity relief

The State shall make provision for securing humane conditions of work and for maternity relief.

Article 43-Living wage, etc., for workers.

The State shall effort to secure, by suitable legislation or economic organisation or in any other way, to all workers, agricultural, industrial or otherwise, work, a living wage, conditions of work ensuring a decent standard of life and full enjoyment of leisure and social and cultural opportunities and, in particular, the State shall endeavour to promote cottage industries on an individual or co-operative basis in rural areas.

Article 43A-Participation of workers in the management of industries.

The State shall by suitable legislation or in any other way, take steps to secure the participation of workers in the management of undertakings, establishments or other organisations engaged in any industry.]

Article 43B-Promotion of co-operative societies.

The State shall attempt to promote voluntary formation, autonomous functioning, democratic control and professional management of co-operative societies.]

Article 44-To secure a Uniform civil code for the citizens.

The State shall attempt to secure for the citizens a uniform civil code throughout the territory of India.

Article 45-Provision to secure free and compulsory early childhood care and education to children below the age of six years

The State shall attempt to provide early childhood care and education for all children until they complete the age of six years.]

Article 46-Promotion with special care of educational and economic interests of Scheduled Castes, Scheduled Tribes, and other weaker sections.

The State shall encourage with special care the educational and economic interests of the weaker sections of the people, and, in particular, of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes, and shall protect them from social injustice and all forms of exploitation.

Article 47- Prohibit the consumption of intoxicating drugs and liquor, Duty of the State to raise the level of nutrition and the standard of living, and to improve public health

The State shall consider the raising of the level of nutrition and the standard of living of its people and the improvement of public health as among its primary duties and, in particular, the State shall endeavour to bring about prohibition of the consumption except for medicinal purposes of intoxicating drinks and of drugs which are injurious to health.

Article 48-Organisation of agriculture and animal husbandry

The State shall attempt to organise agriculture and animal husbandry on modern and scientific lines and shall, in particular, take steps for preserving and improving the breeds, and prohibiting the slaughter, of cows and calves and other milch and draught cattle

Article 48A- Protection and improvement of environment and safeguarding of forests and wildlife.

The State shall attempt to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wild life of the country.]

Article 49-. Protection and maintenance of monuments and places and objects of national importance.

It shall be the duty of the State to protect every monument or place or object of artistic or historic interest, 1 [declared by or under law made by Parliament] to be of national importance, from spoliation, disfigurement, destruction, removal, disposal or export, as the case may be.

Article 50-Separation of the judiciary from the executive

The State shall take steps to separate the judiciary from the executive in the public services of the State.

Article 51-Promotion of international peace and security, maintain honorable relations between nations.

The State shall endeavour to

(a) promote international peace and security.

 (b) maintain honourable relations between nations

(c) foster respect for international law and treaty responsibility in the dealings of organised peoples with one another.

(d) encourage settlement of international disputes by arbitration.

PART IVA

FUNDAMENTAL DUTIES 51A

Article 51A- Fundamental duties.

It shall be the duty of every citizen of India

(a) to follow by the Constitution and respect its ideals and institutions, the National Flag and the National Anthem.

(b) to adore and follow the noble ideals which inspired our national struggle for freedom.

 (c) to uphold and protect the sovereignty, unity, and integrity of India.

(d) to defend the country and provide national service when called upon to do so.

(e) to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of India transcending religious, linguistic, and regional or sectional diversities; to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women.

 (f) to value and protect the rich heritage of our composite culture.

(g) to safeguard and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers, and wildlife, and to have compassion for living creatures.

(h) to develop the scientific temper, humanism, and the spirit of inquiry and reform.

(i) to protect public property and to abjure violence.

(j) to endeavor towards excellence in all spheres of individual and collective activity so that the nation constantly rises to higher levels of endeavor and achievement.

[(k) who is a parent or guardian to provide opportunities for education to his child or, as the case may be, ward between the age of six and fourteen years.]